Kerem Gabriel Öktem is a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Sociology at Bielefeld University and a political scientist by training. In his research, he mainly aims to understand whether countries in the Global South have developed social protection systems that are to some extent comparable to European welfare states. In his work, he has employed different research methods, including qualitative (comparative-historical analysis, content analysis, interviews), quantitative (cluster analysis) and mixed methods (fuzzy-set QCA). In addition, Öktem has generated data for leading datasets of comparative welfare state research measuring social rights of citizenship.